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Patron, in time, came to be a common designation of every protector or powerful promoter of the interests of another; thus also the saints, who were believed to watch over particular interests of persons, places, trades, etc., acquired in the Middle Ages the designation of patron saints. These patron saints of professions, trades, conditions, and callings were called, in Church language, Defensores. Several such are clearly connected by a sort of pun (as St. Clair, of lamplighters; St. Cloud, of the nailmakers; and St. Blanc, or Blanchard, of laundresses), or are derived from some incident in their life (as St. Peter, of fishmongers), or in their legends (as St. Dunstan, of goldsmiths; St. Sebastian, of archers; St. Blaise, of combmakers; St. Lawrence, of girdlers and cooks; SS. Hubert and Eustace, of huntsmen; St. Cecilia, of musicians; St. Catharine, of philosophers). Some preside over different trades, as St. Eloi, patron of hangmen, coachmen, tinmen, nail and shoeing smiths, and metalworkers; St. George, of soldiers, clothiers, and horsemen; St. Anne, of grooms, toymen, turners, and combmakers; St. Michael, of fencing-masters and pastrycooks; St. John at the Latin Gate, of printers, attorneys, and papermakers; IV Coronati, of masons and builders; SS. Cosmas and Damian, of physicians and surgeons; SS. Crispin and Crispinian, of cordwainers and embroiderers; St. Nicholas, of butchers, scholars, seamen, and thieves; St. Vincent, of vinedressers and vinegar- makers.

[MORE=читать дальше]We append a list of patron saints, as popularly understood.

Artillery, and engineers and mechanics, and married women, St. Barbara. Bakers, SS. Wilfred and Itonorius. Basketmakers, St. Anthony. Blind men, St. Thomas a Becket. Bookbinders, the Ascension. Booksellers, St. John the Evangelist. Boys, St. Gregory. Brewers, SS. Homnorins and Clement. Brokers, St. Maurice. Builders, SS. Coronati, Severus, Severianus, Carpophorus, and Victorius. Butchers, SS. Anthony the Abbot and Francis. Carpenters, SS. Joseph and Andrew. Carters, St. Catharine. Chandlel's, the Purification (Candlemas). Charcoal-cutters, St. Anthony. Children, the Holy Innocents, St. Felicitas. Chinamen, St. Anthony of Padua. l Common women, SS. Bride and Afra. Confectioners, the Purification. Coopers, SS. Mary Magdalen and Hilary. Captives, SS. Leonard and Barbara. Curriers, SS. Simon and Jude. Divines, St. Thomas Aquimnas. Drapers, SS. Blaise and Leodegar. Drunkards, SS. Martin aind Urban. Falconers, St. Tibba. Ferrymen, St. Christopher. Fools, St. Mathuriln.

Fullers, St. Severus. Gardeners, SS. Urban of Langres and Fiacre. Girls, St. Catharine. Glaziers, St. James of Germany. Granarers and millers, St. Anthony. Grocers, the Purification, St. Anthony. Hairdressers, St. Louis. Hatters, SS. James and William. Horsedealers, St. Louis. Hotel-keepers, St. Theodotus. Jockeys, St. Euloge. Laborers, SS. Walstan and Isidore. Lawyers, St. Ives. Locksmiths, St. Peter-es-Liens. Lovers, St. Valentine. Master-shoemakers, St. Martin. Matmakers, the Nativity. Mercers, St. Florilan. Millers, SS. Martin and Arnold. Mowers and reapers, St. Walstaln. Nurses, St. Agatha. Painters, SS. Luke and Lazarus. Paviors, St. Roche. Peasants, St. Lucia. Physicians, St. Pantaleon. Pilgrims, St. Julian. Pinmakers, St. Sebastian. Plasterers, IV Corolnati. Ploughmen, St. Urban. Potters, St. Gore. Saddlers, St. Gualfard. Seamen and fishermen, SS. Nicholas, Dismas, Christopher, and Elmo. Shepherds, SS. Neomaye, Drugo, and Wendolin. Spinners, St. Catharine. , Spurriers, St. Giles. Students and scholars, SS. Jerome, Lawrence, Mathurin, Mary Magdalene, Catharine, Gregory the Great, Ursul. Tailors, SS. John Baptist, Goodman, and Anne. Tanners, SS. Simon, Jude, and Clement. Taverners, St. Lawrence. Theologians, SS. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. Thieves, St. Dismas. Travellers, St. Julian. Virgins, St.Winifred. Washerwomen, SS. Hunna and Lidoise. Weavers, St. Stephen. Woolcombers, SS. Blaise and Mary Magdalene. The saint in whose name a church is founded is considered its patron saint. But the dedication of a church often commemorates the patron of the staple trade of the vicinity.

PATRONS IN DISEASES, ETC.

St. Agatha presided over fire and valleys; St. Barbara, over hills; St. Florian, over fire; St. Anne, over riches; St. Osyth, over house-keys: St. Sylvester, over woods; St.Vincent and St. Anne, over lost goods; St. Urban, over vineyards; St. Anthony, over pigs; St. Gall, St. Leodegar, or St. Ferrioll, over geese; St. Leonard, over ducks; St. German, over hen- roosts; St. Gertrude, over eggs; St. Huldeth, over mice; St. Hubert, over dogs; St. Magnus, over locusts; St. Pelagius, ove ooxen; St. Wendoline, over sheep.

St. Barbara took care that none died without the viaticum.

St. Judocus preserved from mildew; St. Magnus, from grasshoppers: St. Mark, from sudden death.

St. Leonard broke prison chains.

St. Otilia watched over the head; St. Blaise, over the neck; St. Erasmus, the chest; St. Catharine, the tongue; St. Lawrence, the back; St. Burghart, the lower members.

St. Romain drove away spirits.

St. Roche cured pestilence; St. Apollionia, toothache; St. Otilia, bleared eyes; St. Entropius, dropsy; St. Chiacre, emerods; St. Wolfgang, the gout; St. Valentine, the falling sickness; St. Erasmus, the colic; St. Blaise, the quinsy; St. John, shorn; St. Pernel, the ague; St. Vitus, madness; St. Lawrence, rheumatism; SS. Wilgford and Uncumber, bad husbands.

St. Susanna helped in infancy; St. Florian, in fire.[/MORE]

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